{"id":401,"date":"2016-12-23T14:05:46","date_gmt":"2016-12-23T13:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/?p=401"},"modified":"2016-12-23T14:05:46","modified_gmt":"2016-12-23T13:05:46","slug":"have-no-fear-your-smartphone-is-here-nomophobia-among-internet-users","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/?p=401","title":{"rendered":"Have no fear, your smartphone is here &#8211; Nomophobia among internet users"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The use of smartphones has become ubiquitous for large parts of the population in Europe. As smartphones are also commonly used to access social network sites, we decided to take a look at the use of smartphones in the latest waves of our longitudinal study. We first asked our respondents whether they own a smartphone. Out of the 1330 person who participated in the 6th wave of our survey, 72.8% reported that they currently own a smartphone. The share of smartphone owners slightly increased in wave 7 with 76.5% of the sample reporting ownership. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>As can be expected, smartphone ownership was more common among younger internet users (see Figures 1 &#038; 2).<\/p>\n<p>Figure 1<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-6-300x224.png\" alt=\"Smartphone ownership in age groups wave 6\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-6-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-6-1024x767.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-6-400x300.png 400w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-6.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Figure 2<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-7-300x225.png\" alt=\"Smartphone ownership in age groups wave 7\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-7-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-7-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-7-400x300.png 400w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Smartphone-ownership-in-age-groups-wave-7.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As with all new media and devices that become popular, there is a public and academic debate about the causes, prevalence, and consequences of excessive or potentially harmful smartphone use. A term that has been coined in this context is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nomophobia\" target=\"_blank\">nonomphobia<\/a>. Nomophobia is an abbreviation for &#8220;no-mobile(-phone) phobia&#8221; and the describes the fear of losing or not having access to one&#8217;s mobile phone.<\/p>\n<p>To assess the prevalence of nomophobia among the smartphone owners in our sample we included 8 items from the No Mobile Phone Questionnaire (NMP-Q) by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0747563215001806\" target=\"_blank\">Yildirim &#038; Correia (2015)<\/a>. The answering options for these items ranged from 1 to 5, with 5 indicating high agreement and, thus, higher nomophobia. The overall averages for nomophobia were quite low in our sample: 2 (out of a maximum score of 5) in wave 6 and 1.98 in wave 7. There were no noticeable differences in the overall nomophobia scores between men and women in either wave 6 (men = 2.07\/women = 1.9) or wave 7 (men = 2.05\/women = 1.9).<\/p>\n<p>Again, nomophobia was more common among younger internet users; which is not surprising, given that smartphone ownership and use are also more widespread in these groups. However, these differences were also quite small (see Figures 3 &#038; 4).<\/p>\n<p>Figure 3<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-6-300x225.png\" alt=\"Nomophobia across age groups wave 6\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-6-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-6-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-6-400x300.png 400w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-6.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Figure 4<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-7-300x225.png\" alt=\"Nomophobia across age groups wave 7\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-7-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-7-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-7-400x300.png 400w, https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/wp-uploads\/2016\/12\/Nomophobia-across-age-groups-wave-7.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>When looking at the scores for the individual nomophobia items, the statement &#8220;If I did not have my smartphone with me, I would feel anxious because I could not instantly communicate with my family and\/or friends&#8221; reached the highest average agreement (mean = 2.59 in wave 6 and 2.57 in wave 7), followed by the item &#8220;If I did not have my smartphone with me, I would feel nervous because I would not be able to receive text messages and calls&#8221; (mean = 2.15 in wave 6 and 2.1 in wave 7). All of the remaining six items reached average agreement scores around or slightly below 2 (on a 5-point scale). It seems that the ability to continuously communicate with others and being contactable are the most important factors.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, our data indicate that nomophobia is not as widespread as the media reports about this phenomenon would suggest. While the answers in our survey may have been influenced by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_desirability_bias\" target=\"_blank\">social desirability<\/a> and signs of nomophobia are slightly more common among younger internet users, the overall averages are quite low. Hence, it seems that there is no need to be afraid of a nomophobia epidemic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The use of smartphones has become ubiquitous for large parts of the population in Europe. As smartphones are also commonly used to access social network sites, we decided to take a look at the use of smartphones in the latest &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/?p=401\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-longitudinal-study","category-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=401"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":418,"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions\/418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.redeftie.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}